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Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) or nosocomial pneumonia refers to any pneumonia contracted by a patient in a hospital at least 48–72 hours after being admitted. It is thus distinguished from community-acquired pneumonia. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection, rather than a virus.〔 (Mandell's Principles and Practices of Infection Diseases ) 6th Edition (2004) by Gerald L. Mandell MD, MACP, John E. Bennett MD, Raphael Dolin MD, ISBN 0-443-06643-4 · Hardback · 4016 Pages Churchill Livingstone〕〔(The Oxford Textbook of Medicine ) Edited by David A. Warrell, Timothy M. Cox and John D. Firth with Edward J. Benz, Fourth Edition (2003), Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-262922-0〕 HAP is the second most common nosocomial infection (after urinary tract infections) and accounts for 15–20% of the total.〔〔〔(Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine ) 16th Edition, The McGraw-Hill Companies, ISBN 0-07-140235-7〕 It is the most common cause of death among nosocomial infections and is the primary cause of death in intensive care units.〔〔 HAP typically lengthens a hospital stay by 1–2 weeks.〔〔 == Signs and symptoms == New or progressive infiltrate on the chest X-Ray with one of the following:〔 * Fever > 37.8 °C (100 °F) * Purulent sputum * Leukocytosis > 10.000 cells/μl 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hospital-acquired pneumonia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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